Selimiye Mosque Dome The creation of small, different, three-dimensional pieces on a surface side by side with the technique of painting and the resulting work is called mosaic. What Sumerians created five years ago by [sources] is now implemented in two ways:
Generally, submerge the particles on the cementitious floor material.
Laying plaster between glued parts.
As a particle, a wide variety of materials from ceramic to metal, from wood to glass can be used together in various shapes and sizes.
Mosaic comes to mind when the works of the Roman Empire were created. The fragments of these mosaics, made of glazed ceramics, often used in city pavements, squares and home courtyards, can be as small as a few millimeters. The mosaics in the Gaziantep Archaeological Museum and the ancient city of Zeugma are among the best examples of this period. In Antakya, Hatay, there is an extraordinary mosaic collection from the Roman period.
The Byzantines, who specialize in mosaics of walls and ceilings, are famous for using plates made of thick colored glass (Smalti), which are produced in Italy as particles. During this period, the windows were placed at different angles and without any plaster to better direct the light. In some designs, silver or gold leaves are fitted behind the windows. Instead of Roman mosaics depicting religious images, the Byzantines created mosaics of the aristocracy.
Islamic culture is famous for the mathematical wealth it brings to mosaic patterns. Although glass cubes and stones were used in some places, Islamic works were generally used in the pattern and then tiles were used to fit the edges and tile plates (Zillij) were used.
Antoni Gaudi opened a new application channel to the technique by covering the seats in Guell Park with mosaics. These mosaics can be shown as the first example of collage technique, because they are formed by rearranging ceramic products created for different purposes. The actual name of the ceramic coating technique applied by Gaudi is "trencadis" and a Catalan word. Wearing a building with ceramic and glass pieces that cannot be used. Many modern artists, including Chagall and Picasso, have created works of art in mosaic form and enriched the themes of their mosaic works. Today, mosaics are used in many different places from furniture decoration to floor coverings, building coverings and room sections. Topics range from abstract concepts to hyperrealistic portraits.